Health Disparities Among the Poor free essay sample

On this era, everybody depends on technology when communicating, especially on cell phones. These devices are known all over the world, and they are also used for entertainment, and to be updated with the latest news. Calling and Texting are the main methods that people use to communicate with friends, family, and others when using their cell phones. Calling has been popular since mid-1900s, but has been taken its popularity by texting since the beginning of the 20th century. Factors like the tone, and the fact that the people involved in the conversation can hear each other’s voices make a phone call more personal. Calling, should be used when the objective is to start a full conversation, argument, or a work related discussion. Though, if the objective is to confirm something, tell a quick message, or ask a short question, texting would be the proper choice. Texting is more impersonal than calling; there are no other factors involved on the conversation than what you see on the screen, the text. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Disparities Among the Poor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is no easy way to feel, or identify the other person’s emotions in a text message clearly. Texting is a misused form of communication if the objective is to spend hours on the phone, give important news, or express a strong emotion. Calling can only take place if the person that makes the call has the other person’s phone number, and if the receiver of the call takes it. On the other hand, texting compares to sending constant e-mails, there are many social medias where you can text or send a private message via internet, or having the other person’s phone number as well. Even though the receiver of the message does not see the text right away, he or she will eventually see it, and hopefully respond. Texting can be a threat to your life. About 6,000 deaths and a half a million injuries are caused by distracted drivers every year. Phone calls are safer while driving; there are Bluetooth devices that allow you to talk while both of the driver’s hands are on the wheel, and eyes are on the road. Most phones also have a speaker option where the sound increases and drivers do not need to hold the phone. Texting and Calling are two effective methods of communicating when used at the right time, place, and situation.

Cape Fear Psychological Review essays

Cape Fear Psychological Review essays Martin Scorseses Cape Fear is a remake of the 1962 classic by Robert Mitchum. The movie is about a lawyer and his family tormented by a homicidal maniac who blames the man for his many years spent in prison. The prisoner, played by Robert De Niro, spends all of his time tormenting the lawyer, Nick Nolte. De Niros character Max Cady was charged with rape of a 16-year-old girl. At the time of the trial, Noltes character Sam, received evidence that would have gotten Cady off. Sam could not bear to let Cady off, knowing that he had done such a thing to this young girl. While in prison, Cady learned to read, and taught himself the law. He came to realize what Sam had done to him. After 14 years of imprisonment, he comes out seeking vengeance on Sam Bowden. Sam, his wife Leigh, and daughter Danny, all becomes victim to Cadys games. From scene to scene, you never see Cady actually acting out towards the Bowdens, but you just know that he was behind the horror. Throughout the movi e, Cadys psychological disorders become quite evident. Although the movie starts with Cady leaving prison, his psychological problems began before his release from prison. Fourteen years before the movie takes place, Sam Bowden did something wrong as a lawyer. He was paid to be a defense attorney. One of the obligations that a lawyer has towards his client is to represent him by the best of their ability. Sam Bowden failed to do so. He buried the only evidence that would have gotten his client off. Sam knew that Cady could not read, and he did not think that it would be such a big deal if he did this. While this may make a defense attorney a bad lawyer, he felt that he could not ethically let Cady go. Knowing that Cady had done the crime, and had previously beaten the system two other times, Sam felt he should go to jail. Unfortunately, for Sam, Cady learned to read in prison. He educated himself so much that ...

Why are strong writing skills important to your success in education Essay

Why are strong writing skills important to your success in education or a career - Essay Example Performance assessment systems are based on the writing abilities of a student. The better a student can write, the more his/her creativity becomes obvious to the teacher. A student who can write can write research papers. Research is one of the most important outcomes of education. Thus, writing skills are required not only to attain the degree but also to do research. Writing is a fundamental part of an employee’s duties in the workplace. Writing is so fundamental a business skill that employers take the employees’ writing skills for granted (McKay, 2011). Companies require employees with good writing skills to write memos, write letters to the customers and contractors, make advertisements and write research papers elaborating the usefulness of the company’s products and services. Convincing writing is one of the strongest ways of getting the competitive advantage. Concluding, strong writing skills are imperative for the advancement of both the academic and the professional career of an individual. Writing makes a record unlike verbal communication. Thus it is considered a useful means of assessing a student’s performance. Employees’ writing skills are required for professional communication in the

Analysis of Association Is Not Causation Research Paper

Analysis of Association Is Not Causation - Research Paper Example The prevailing theory, is one that maintains that alcohol â€Å"reduces inhibitions† (1), and that a compromised mental state leads to violent behavior. They are careful to point out that they are not challenging the reduction of inhibitions, but challenging that the theory that there is a necessary relationship between these mental states and violence, and they cite a broad cross-section of studies that maintain this. If there is a causal relationship between reduced inhibitions, and violence, then there ought to be consistency across all cultures. One of the first challenges they point to, is that there are documented differences of alcohol behavior that â€Å"varies greatly† across cultures(2), and thus there has to be something more than simply a â€Å"pharmacological† explanation. They argue that it is â€Å"expectancy† that explains these differences. ... Thus, the 'expectation' of drinking had more to do with drinking than the actual pharmacological effects. Given that there is no strictly biological causal relation between violence and alcohol consumption, they turn to explain how this view had come about within the scientific literature. One problem they note is the discrepancy between alcohol â€Å"blood levels† (3) and reported incidences of violence. Police reports with actual blood levels measured of intoxicated offenders, indicate that while over 50 % of individuals charged with domestic violence reported alcohol as the cause, less than 20 % of these were actually intoxicated as measured by the toxicity of their blood(3). Likewise, statistical analysis' shows too that while reporting of alcohol use in domestic violence instances, the actual use in terms of â€Å"immediately prior† to the incidence is significantly lower. They conclude that there are important discrepancies with the data when they are closely scru tinized. Finally, the authors examine some of the methodological limitations of many of the studies, and conclude with implicit recommendations for further research based on some of the limitations of the existing research. They point to problems mainly to do with equivocation. That is, problems of defining or distinguishing between the types of drugs used(4), what exactly is violence and abuse(4-5), and finally, the very nature of alcohol consumption – how much, and how frequently is alcohol consumed(6). They argue that these definitional problems are inconsistencies in current research. ANALYSIS: 1. What are the strengths of the article? : The main strength of the article is that they unequivocally demonstrate that the existing literature confused correlation or

LPN to RN transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LPN to RN transition - Essay Example LPNs perform the role of providing the basic nursing care to their patients. This mainly involves monitoring of patient’s health, providing basic care like inserting catheters or changing bandages etc., and discussing and reporting patients’ health concerns to RNs or doctors. RNs on the other hand perform enhanced functions like recording patients’ symptoms and medical histories, setting up care plans for patients, assistance in performing diagnostic tests and administering medications and educating patients and their families. Additionally, they have the responsibility to arrange consultations with doctors and also with professionals of other disciplines in a given health care setup. The transition from the role of LPN to RN demands that a better understanding of the ‘family as unit’ is developed. With the improvement in health care delivery services, the role of family in the overall process of care continues to play a critical role (Duncan & DePew, 2011). A registered nurse is therefore expected to take into account the function of the family to get an insight into the health status of her patient. Since the focus of job shifts from mere reporting to analysis of clinical situations, the professional role of RN is attributed to the development of more enhanced analytical skills. The habit of thinking critically, to derive useful results from clinical information is essential, if the role of a RN is to be performed effectively. It should be understood that transition is divided into three distinct phases: endings, neutral zone and beginnings (Harrington & Terry, 2009). For a transition to begin, it is essential that the connection with a previously ongoing process be brought to an end; this may equate to separation from a previously established social condition, losing older identity, disenchantment and disorientation. This follows a condition when the person in transition is ‘in limbo’; this allows renewal and

Roma People And The European Union Politics Essay

Roma People And The European Union Politics Essay The term Roma refers to a variety of groups of people who describe themselves as Roma, Gypsies, Travellers, Manouches, Ashkali, Sinti, as well as other titles. For the purpose of this paper, we will use of the term Roma to describe the group in question. This is in no way intended to downplay the great diversity within the many different Romani groups and related communities, and it is not intended to promote stereotypes. Our basic question is what is the status of the Roma people today, within the context of the European Union? For millennia, the Roma have been an integral part of European civilisation. Today, with an estimated population of 10-12 million people, Roma are the biggest ethnic minority in Europe; Roma communities are present in all 27 EU Member States. And in contemporary times, most Roma are EU citizens. An issues is that their situation is characterised by persistent discrimination and social exclusion. Thus, Roma are very exposed to the risks of poverty, unemployment, stereotypes and social prejudice. Its vital to understand that the Roma population is heterogeneous. Following the elimination of traditional labor activities and of nomadic lifestyles in some Member States, urban migration, but also migration from Eastern Europe to the western EU states, there have been a lot of changes affecting the Roma people. However, there is a very big gap between the living conditions (in the fields of health, education, labor and housing) of the Roma and the majority population. And a concentrated effort toward EUs integrated policy towards the Roma is needed, preferably a multidisciplinary one, dealing with the problem from multiple angles, not just from an economic of sociological point of view, and also one whose results have to be quantifiable, state-wide but also centrally. This is our hypothesis. Legal Framework in the EU The European Union has established a strong legal anti-discrimination framework; the most important documents on the issue consist of Article 13 of the Treaty establishing the European Community, Council Directive 2000/43/EC on Racial Equality and the Council Directive 2000/78/EC, that establishes a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation. The European Union also has a strong legal framework dealing with Roma discrimination, that is based, among others, on article 13 of the Treaty of the European Community, the Directive 2000/43/EC on racial equality and the Directive 2000/78/EC concerning the prohibition of discrimination in employment and vocational training. Its important to note however that it is the duty of the Member States to translate these Directives into their own national legislations.   The European Commissions mandate also includes stimulating the use of EU Structural Funds by EU Member States for supporting Roma inclusion.  This process is supported by the EURoma network, composed of representatives from 12 Member States,  whose goal is to promote the use of Structural Funds in order to enhance the effectiveness of policies targeting the Roma and to promote their social inclusion.   Roma people in Romania According to official data, Roma population in Romania included, according to the 2002 census, 535,250 people, of which 325,000 people (60%) lived in rural areas. Roma population is, numerically speaking, the second ethnic minority group in Romania, after the Hungarians. However, these census numbers might or might not reflect reality, for there are probably more Roma who havent been accounted for because they refused to participate in the census or might have avoided stating their nationality. According to a study by the National Agency for Roma, the socio-economic situation of Roma ethnicity remains still quite difficult: Roma score on a high level of poverty. Roma communities are affected by various problems: high levels of unemployment (28%), low income, low educational and vocational training (with visible effects in the labor market participation), improper living conditions and limited access to public services. Many Roma are working as day laborers, thus without having a stable source of income. According to OSI (Open Society Institute) research conducted in 2007, 4.9 percent of Roma people in Romania lacked a birth certificate. Among nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœRoma citizens, less than 1 percent lacked a birth certificate. Similarly, surveys in 2007 and 2008 indicated that between 1.9 and 6 percent of Roma lacked identity cards, compared to 1.5 percent of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœRoma. The lack of identity documents leads to exclusion from participating in elections, receiving social benefits, accessing health insurance, securing property documents, and participating in the labor market. Another survey, conducted by the ICCV (Institutul de Cercetare a Calitatii Vietii), points out that the proportion of illiterates among Roma is disturbing: more than one third of the Roma (38.6%) are functionally illiterate, 19% of men and 27% of mature women only attended one school year. 18% of Roma children aged between 7 and 16 years have never been to school. Among the conclusions of the study are the following: Roma population categorically refuse to be a part of the education system. The problem is that the Roma population lives, usually in secluded and / or notorious neighborhoods, and schools located in these areas, where Roma children might study, have inferior learning conditions. NGOs and the media report that discrimination by teachers and other students against Romani students served as an additional disincentive for Romani children to complete their studies. However, other Roma are largely or fully integrated into society. Scholarships in schools and universities were created for Roma by the state creating positive discrimination whose impact on improving integration in Romania remains to be seen. On the downside again, in schools where students are predominantly Roma, repeater rates reach 11.3%, almost three times higher than the national average. Because of the low quality level of the school, almost 20% of Roma students enrolled in the fourth grade are functionally illiterate, according to the ICCV. The EU, Romania included, has launched a program entitled Decade of Roma Inclusion to combat this and other problems. Roma situation differs from country to country, but integration problems remain in developed countries. A report by the European Roma Rights Center (ERRC) emphasizes that, in 2005, the Roma in France for example, counting around 500,000 individuals are the target of dramatic levels of discrimination. The report notes that civil, political, social and economic community are frequently violated and concluded that the authorities fail integration of minorities in the Hexagon (France). The most important communities of Roma live in Central and Eastern Europe, but, similariy to Romanias case (where the official 2002 census claims numbers of 535,000, while a EU report dating from 2004 says there are 1.8 million Roma) their number varies between official censuses and unofficial estimates: Czech Republic has between 11,000- 200,000 Roma, Slovakia, between 95,000- 550,000, Hungary, between 200,000- 600,000, and European reports on this minority are often negative. In each of the three of the EU countries mentioned above, unemployment among Roma reaches 75% -80%; when they have access to education, most often the children study in special schools and the wider community is a victim of racial prejudice coming from the majority population, according to Amnesty International. EU Strategy for Roma integration The European Commission has set up a programme to tackle the main difficulties involved in the integration of Roma people. There are EU funds available to help, and countries are encouraged to make greater use of them on a national level. To this effect, one important tool is the European Social Fund, which currently stands at around 12 billion Euros and amounts to 10% of the EUs budget. The purpose of the fund is to provide support for projects that seek to improve social cohesion in the Union. The second European Roma summit, was being held at the beginning of April 2010- on the International Roma Day, and was set-up as a forum to discuss the Commissions new strategy and to renew commitments. Representatives of EU institutions, EU countries and civil society organisations, including Roma groups, have participated in the conference and also present were World Bank Director Theodore Ahlers and the investment banker and philanthropist George Soros. The direct involvement of Roma organisations and representatives was a key feature of the event. The agenda included the implementation of rules against discrimination and racism by member countries of EU. Concerning this, the Commission had taken legal action against 24 EU countries which have not fulfilled their obligations in this respect and for 12 of these cases, the proceedings are ongoing. The focus shifted in the EU in 2009 from an analysis of the problems to an exploration of how existing instruments could be made more effective and how the situation of the Roma could be addressed more explicitly across a broad range of policies, including employment, social inclusion, health, education, housing, youth and culture. But the enforcement and development of specific EU legislation in the areas of non-discrimination, freedom of movement and anti-racism has continued. The European Platform for Roma inclusion- composed of key players in Roma inclusion from EU institutions, international organisations, Member States governments and civil society, was launched in April 2009 to exchange good practice and experience and to stimulate cooperation among its participants, with a clearly stated objective: to increase the coherence and effectiveness of the parallel policy processes at national, European and international level with a view to creating synergies. Most Member States report a stronger focus on internal coordination and on involving the Roma communities. Some Member States have begun to use the opportunities of complex programming and combined cohesion policy instruments. Among the findings of the forum, it seems that Member States want to mainstream Roma issues and to use mutual learning in order to explore how to improve their current initiatives on desegregation and on access in the areas of education, employment and basic social services. Another new effort of The European Commission deals with the implementation of a pilot project on Roma inclusion (5 million Euros for 2010-2012), initiated by the European Parliament, addressing early childhood education, self-employment through micro-credit, and public awareness particularly in countries with high Roma populations. The pilot project will also explore methods for data collection and counterfactual evaluation to assess the impact of the interventions in these three fields. Specific problems concerning the workforce As a fact, working age Roma lack sufficient human capital. Apart from barriers such as labor market discrimination still affecting them, the vast majority of working age Roma lacks the necessary qualifications to participate effectively in the labor market. The next figures will portray the cases of 3 member states, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Romania, and also a non EU state, Serbia, in order to get a grasp of how serious the educational problems are among various European Roma communities. Note: Data included in figures 1, 2 ,3 and 4 comes from the World Bank. This is seen dramatically in Figure 1, which shows the proportion of working-age Roma that have completed at least some secondary education or more. Only 1 in 5 Roma of working age in the Czech Republic and as few as 1 in 8 in Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia are equipped with these necessary education skill levels. Working age members of the majority populations in these countries are 4 to 6 times more likely to have these educational qualifications. Figure 3 shows the average monthly net income that employed Roma earn compared to that of the majority population. Employed Roma earn 31% less in Bulgaria, 48% less in Serbia, 55% less in Romania, and 58% less in the Czech Republic. Specific problems concerning demographics and education The health situation of the Roma conditions their life expectancy and their demographics are different from the european average. The European Roma population is significantly younger than the overall population (an average of 25.1 years old in seven Member States, compared to 40.24 years in the whole EU; 62.38 percent of the Roma population is under 29 years old, compared to 34.98 percent in the EU-27). There is no official information on the average life expectancy of Roma, but this is expected to be significantly lower than the overall EU population (which is around 63 years old in Romania) The child dependency index is 57.77 compared to 23.33 in the EU, while the elderly dependency index reaches 4.11, much lower than the EU of 24.93. There is also a gradual decline in birth rates among Roma, however, the replacement index (reflecting the number of people with ages between 15 and 39 for every 100 people aged 40 to 64) remains significantly higher among Roma (231) than for the overall population (101). As we have seen from the figures above, Roma citizens in some Member States influence the demographic pyramid in a specific manner. Educational systems are selective and, despite efforts by Member States to overcome segregation, a great deal of the systems that have been ostensibly designed to combat segregation are often used in practice to increase disparities between social groups and disadvantage the poor profoundly, especially in the case of Roma. There is a constant need of specific educational policies to address Roma families and also policies that encourage active participation. Although the proportion of young Roma enrolled in education and higher education systems has largely increased in some Member States, their level of qualification is still below the EU average. However, in the absence of formal qualifications, the position of Roma in the labor market can be improved by creating a system of recognition of practical skills. Indeed, Figure 6 shows that among Roma who completed secondary education the average earnings are much higher than the average earnings among Roma who completed primary education: 83% higher in Bulgaria, 110% higher in the Czech Republic, 144% higher in Romania, and 52% higher in Serbia. Romanias efforts aimed towards the Roma through structural funds Surprisingly, there is a great deal of implication concerning this matter with the local, Romanian authorities, and a lot o projects concerning Roma and their social integration are on their way. Most projects are co-funded by the European Structural Funds, are managed centrally and focus primarily on education (including early childcare), vocational and professional training, labour market insertion and social inclusion. According to the information provided by the Romanian Managing Authority, a total of 11 projects are being or will be implemented multiregionally or statewide with an aggregate budget of 37,819,853 Euros and are planned to benefit 61,634 Roma men and women. Most projects are short-to-medium-term (2-3 years). We can note that 6 major projects (employment and early education) are directly managed by the National Roma Agency. Our hope it that perhaps these efforts will actually wield some quantifiable results. Figure 5 source: EURoma report- Roma and the Structural Funds There are currently several integrated projects that rank as highly important. First, a transnational pilot project, Together on the labour market, is managed by the National Roma Agency is being implemented in 8 cities, in partnership with the Fundacià ³n Secretariado Gitano from Spain as transnational partner during the period 2008-2010. In the following period, 2010-2013, the project aims to be expanded nationwide. At a cost of 4,908,749 Euros for a period of two years, the project has ambitious aims: to benefit 6,670 Roma women and men through personalised support for labour insertion, vocational training adapted to the demand of the Romanian labour market. With a budget of 4,770,000 Euros, another employment activation project, Strategic steps for improving access to education for Roma children, presents ambitious outcomes and outputs: to increase the qualification on the labour market of 2,000 persons, including 1,000 Roma, the development of social economy structures, the increase of job opportunities addressed to vulnerable groups, the establishment of 8 Regional Centres to supporting social economy structures, the creation of 8 Regional Partnerships, and the development of 80 social economy projects. Within the education field, the All in kindergarten, all in the first grade. Integrated programmes for increasing the access to education and the educational level of the children within under-privileged communities, mainly Roma, during 2008-2009 project, is managed by the central government with a budget of 5,000,000 Euros. Although no data is yet available on its results, it had some ambitious and specific targets. The general objective of the project is to prevent and correct early school leaving for children aged 5 to 8 within 420 disadvantaged communities (a high proportion of them being Roma children). It seeks to increase access to pre-school and school education for 8,000 children within disadvantaged communities, mainly Roma, trough participation in Summer kindergarten and School after school educational programmes. Its potential outputs are ambitious: A 75% decrease in school dropout rate for pupils in the first grade belonging to the 420 disadvantaged communities; 6,000 Ro ma children benefiting from the school-after-school programme and 10,000 Roma parents receiving counseling regarding child education. Three other projects target pre-school education. Two are managed respectively by the Amare Rromentza Roma Centre and the National Agency for the Roma, with more than 4,000 combined beneficiaries. The third, titled Strategic steps for improving access to education for Roma children is managed by Romani CRISS and will have as a general objective the reduction of early school leaving risk among Roma pupils. With a budget of 4,872,060 Euros, it will develop desegregation plans within 90 schools from 4 regions of the country -North-West, Centre, South-East and Bucharest-Ilfov over three years, including intercultural training for 150 teaching staff and awareness-raising initiatives regarding the benefits of education to 20,000 planned Roma beneficiaries. Finally, an integrated project, Education of Roma children- the way to a guaranteed employment, is being managed by the National Roma Agency and implemented for three years (no exact dates provided). It aims to increase of the educational level of the Roma children from rural and urban areas nationwide and the development of human resources. With a budget of 4,943,831 Euros and targeting 4,800 beneficiaries (50% women), it could help to find ways to articulate education and employment policies through effective local implementation of equal opportunity and desegregation measures, and if it demonstrates long-term sustainability. Economic costs of Roma Exclusion: As expected, the fact that Roma people sit on the margins of society leads to some macroeconomic consequences. These consequences have been thoroughly analized and documented in a recent, 2010 report by The World Bank. Note that some of the issues presented in the report have surfaced in the previous chapters of this paper. A summary of the findings is presented in the following table: Figure x: The economic costs of Roma Exclusion The vast majority of working-age Roma lack sufficient education to participate successfully in the labor market. As a result, European countries are losing hundreds of millions of Euros annually in productivity and in fiscal contributions to the governments. Lower bound estimates of annual productivity losses range from 367 million Euro in the Czech Republic, 526 million Euro in Bulgaria, to 887 million Euro in Romania. Lower bound annual fiscal losses range from 202 million Euro in Romania, 233 million Euro in the Czech Republic, and 370 million Euros in Bulgaria. Toward inclusive growth: bridging the education gap is also the economically smart choice to make Better educated Roma can expect much higher earnings. Compared to Roma with primary education, Roma who complete secondary education can expect to earn 83% more in Bulgaria, 110% more in the Czech Republic, 144% more in Romania. The annual fiscal gains from bridging the employment gap are much higher than the total cost of investing in public education for all Roma children; by a factor of 7.7 for Bulgaria, 7.4 times for the Czech Republic, 2.4 times in Romania. The share of Roma among the working-age populations will rise as majority populations in Eastern and Central Europe are aging rapidly. Equal labor participation among the Roma is essential to shoulder the nationally rising costs of pensions, health and other costs of aging. source: The economic costs of Roma exclusion, World Bank Report, April 2010. Conclusions We consider that Roma are mostly discriminated because of a certain lack of education, but also because they are sometimes perceived as social outcasts. And this is sometimes a matter of choice, even tradition, which makes this a very tough area to cover and improve. Education is a milestone to consider, and perhaps the key to solving a lot of Roma related problems. We have seen that there are trumendeos efforts on a local but also European level, which we believe is a positive sign. The use of structural funds could be a very powerful tool when used properly. While targeting Roma education might lead us to certain cultural barries, we have to do our best to understand these limitations and figure out a way to please both parties. There are a lot of opportunities and advantages what will come with a better integration of the Roma people, and some steps have been taken into this direction, both socially and economically. However, there is one problem that should be noted. The issue of results, and more specifically, how do we make the efforts quantifiable? We see a lot of projects through structural funds in Romania, but we should also bear in mind their specific results and goals. The centralisation of these results should be a priority, otherwise they risk getting by unnoticed. Have the goals been achieved? They the programmes succesful, but just how much? How can they be improved so they reach the broader audience rather than smaller groups? Bibliografie www.euractiv.ro www.ecursuri.ro 3. www.ec.europa.eu Home http://www.romadecade.org/ http://www.anr.gov.ro http://worldbank.org/

Shakespeares King Lear - The Redemption of King Lear Essay -- King Le

The Redemption of King Lear It is said that no other playwright illustrates the human condition like William Shakespeare. Furthermore, it is said that no other play illustrates the human condition like King Lear. The story of a bad king who becomes a good man is truly one of the deepest analyses of humanity in literary history; and it can be best seen through the evolution of Lear himself. In essence, King Lear goes through hell in order to compensate for his sins. Lear's relationship with his three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia, is, from the beginning, very uncharacteristic of the typical father-daughter relationship. It's clear that the king is more interested in words than true feelings, as he begins by asking which of his daughters loves him most. Goneril and Regan's answers are descriptive and sound somewhat phony, but Lear is flattered by them. Cordelia's response of nothing is honest; but her father misunderstands the plea and banishes her. Lear's basic flaw at the beginning of the play is that he values appearances above reality. He wants to be treated as a king and to enjoy the title, but he doesn't want to fulfill a king's obligations. Similarly, his test of his daughters demonstrates that he values a flattering public display of love over real love. He doesn't ask "which of you doth love us most," but rather, "which of you shall we say doth love us most?" (I.i.49). It would be simple to conclude that Lear is simp ly blind to the truth, but Cordelia is already his favorite daughter at the beginning of the play, so presumably he knows that she loves him the most. Nevertheless, Lear values Goneril and Regan's fawning over Cordelia's sincere sense of filial duty. ... ...e and determination to repair his life is evident at this point, and continues to show for the duration of the play. Perhaps Lear's most difficult moment to endure is when he discovers his youngest and most prized daughter, Cordelia, dead. His initial reaction is of unbearable pain, but, being in his current state of madness, some of the anguish is alleviated when he "realizes" that she is alive. The king overcomes his earlier mistakes only after losing the one daughter who truly loved him. It's debatable whether Lear is completely conscious of his loss, but more plausible to suspect he is not fully affected by it as he is no longer in his right mind. Finally, Lear has dealt with the consequences of his decisions and is redeemed. Work Consulted: Halio, J. The Tragedy of King Lear. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

“A Framework for Understanding Poverty by Ruby K. Payne”

The book entitled â€Å"Framework for Understanding Poverty† is a famous book of a former school teacher Ruby K. Payne. I learnt that Ruby Payne is an expert of poverty. She also talks about her understanding of mentality of middle class and wealth.he book has become a text book for poverty workers, teachers and managers of schools to know about the three categories of poverty; generational (for two or more generations) poverty, situational poverty (because of a sad event like disease, death of earning member of family or divorce).The definitions of three poverty types that Ruby Payne gives make sense. The reason of split behaviors, ethics, individuality of three poverty types is stated in financial aspects, she explains   as clearly visible among poverty stricken and is she also covered this identification among wealthy. This approach, that it is not money alone but a lot of other factors have an influence over people, is quite holistic.The book on Poverty written by Ruby P ayne advises that every one in education field from teachers to administrators at all levels of education ‘must read’ the Payne book, which is a boisterous advise. An author of a finance and poverty book can not be so demanding and dogmatic.It could be useful for some having congruent ideas with Ruby Payne but not all will think in her way. It is very useful to understanding the point of view of Dr. Ruby Payne on socio economic reasons and characteristics of poverty.  The good part of her scientific discussion is her suggesting the details of support systems. She suggests focusing on coping techniques, knowing about the various emotional and financial factors that put limitations, and complexities of relationships they hold with similar background social fraternity and then she suggests that the procedural communication and habit of positive talk should be taught to the poverty background students, and how it would help the poor students learn and perform better than their present performance.The Theme of the BookThe book makes us realize the poverty in vivid detail and its entire backdrop of why the cycle of poverty is difficult to break. She emphasizes that poverty is not merely a situation of having less money than they need, but it is struggling in a domain of definite rules, separate feelings, and poor information that prevails over the methods of making   relations and creating a life among poor. The book gives us a useful quiz about survival on its page fifty seventh, which helps understanding contours of poverty.The objective of the book that runs through all chapters of the book is demystifying the myths of poverty with an intension to make us know how to break the poverty cycle.The aim of Ruby Payne appears to be educating all the stakeholders in School education system and education establishments, to make them focus on poor child that they learn in a better way after knowing their social and cultural background and most importantly their emotional mind makeup. This truly helps the teacher and administrators to do a better job in becoming mentors and role models for poor students who emulate them.The process of poverty should be tackled scientifically by training the students certain needed soft skills that poor parents could not teach to their children.The examples given in the book are fantastic such as, for poor, how they learn to look for safety of your clothes at Laundromat, how they engage and entertain their friends and close people by telling stories, and for a middle class person, the knowledge of use of a credit card or library card, earning loyalty from a household employee and creating a veil of seclusion and reserve around for the wealthy.

A Double Negative Is Not Always UnOK

A Double Negative Is Not Always UnOK A Double Negative Is Not Always UnOK A Double Negative Is Not Always UnOK By Maeve Maddox The grammatical rule against double negatives applies to sentences that combine not with no or with other negatives such as hardly, nobody, nothing, never, and nowhere: I can’t hardly see through these glasses. He didn’t meet nobody on the mountain. They never lied about nothing. On the other hand, double negatives formed with not followed by a word that begins with a negative prefix like un- or ir- are permissible in formal English. This type of double negative is a stylistic device of understatement, a type of litotes: a figure of speech in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary. Its use can convey a subtle difference in meaning that saying the same thing without not wouldn’t. Some speakers who object to the â€Å"not un-† construction seem to believe that there’s a rule against it. This belief is bolstered by the often quoted example made up by George Orwell: The not unblack dog chased the not unbrown cow across the not ungreen field. Orwell’s sentence is amusing, but simplistic. No English speaker is going to try to plant an un- on adjectives like black and green. Many English speakers, however, will use the â€Å"not un-† construction to achieve a nuanced meaning with adjectives like justifiable, intelligent, and convinced. The following statements are not identical in meaning: I am convinced by his argument. I am not unconvinced by his argument. A note at the online Oxford Dictionaries site points out the difference: The use of  not  together with unconvinced suggests that the speaker has a few mental reservations about the argument. Writing in 1926, H. W. Fowler (Modern English Usage) regarded the â€Å"not un-† usage as â€Å"a faded or jaded elegance.† He condemns the unnecessary use of the construction, but recognizes that this form of litotes is â€Å"congenial to the English temperament† and that there are contexts in which its use is suitable. He concludes, â€Å"The right principle is to acknowledge that the idiom is allowable, and then to avoid it except when it is more than allowable.† The construction is often used unnecessarily, but sometimes it expresses a thought in a way that the positive form would not. The following examples are probably â€Å"allowable† uses: Arthur Ransome’s book is a  not unsuccessful  attempt to provide an introduction to the criticism of types of fiction.   - The reviewer does not like the book, but acknowledges that some readers may learn something from it. Sabina Franklyn is a sweet, pretty Jane,  not unintelligent but  less of a presence than her lively sister. - The character Jane is not a stupid person, but her intelligence is not a key feature of her personality the way it is for her sister. A  musty but not unpleasant  odor came from inside, together with a blast of pent-up heat. - The odor cannot be described as pleasant, but it is not repugnant either. However, the â€Å"not un† construction is frequently used without justification, as in the following examples: Surprises will come to be outnumbered by cringes, as the not unappealing Patton finds herself sold short by a director. - In the context of the review, there’s nothing to suggest that Patton is anything but appealing. While not unentertaining, there is very little of this film that is astounding.   - In the context of the article, the reviewer seems to feel that the film is entertaining. Some reviewers, perhaps not quite understanding the device, go all to pieces in their attempts to make use of it: Jessica Biel is  not unconvincing  as a love interest,  but  shes  not  entirely convincing.   But theres something uniquely dis-appealing about Don Jon. Not unappealing, not immediately repulsive. More like simply not-appealing. The â€Å"not un-† construction has a long history in English and remains a valid stylistic choice for writers who understand how and when to use it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Select vs. SelectedHow Do You Fare?

Comparison of Mumbai and New York

Comparison of Mumbai and New York Introduction The City of New York and Mumbai City are some of the largest cities in the world. An analysis of the socio-political structure of these cities will reveal a number of factors that make them different. According to Bhagat and Mohua (2006, p. 340), the socio-political structure of a city is always defined closely by the cultural and social practices of its people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Mumbai and New York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that although New York City could be sharing a number of similarities with Mumbai City, the two have different socio-political settings. In order to understand these cities, it is important to analyze their leadership structure, efficiency in service delivery, transport system, and housing. New York City Governance New York City is a metropolitan municipality with the government formed by the mayor council. The City Council of New York is unicameral body with 51 members of the council. The people of this city directly elect the mayor and the 51 councilors. They have the mandate to oversee the management of the city. However, this council must work closely with the governor of this state and the central government. The governor of this city also has a central role to play in the management of this city. The governor works closely with the council to identify issues that will be addressed at the council level, state level or national level. The national government- through its three arms, executive, judiciary, and legislature- also has a role to play in the management of this city. Efficiency The management of New York City in terms of efficacy is based on various factors. When analyzing the capacity of this city based on how well its leaders offer quality services to the residents, a number of factors come out clearly. For instance, this city has a clear system of managing wastes at all times of the day. It is rare t o come across litters in this city. The management of this city has been able to take care of such issues as availability of water and the drainage system to sustain the rising number of its residents. This means that, in terms of efficacy, the City of New York can be highly graded compared to other cities in the world. In this city, the government knows that the public depends on the trust given to the office holders to get what they need from this government. This has encouraged ethics among the stakeholders and transparency in every activity they undertake.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transport Transport system in this city is advanced, making movement from one place to the other very easy. One fact that has helped ease congestion in this city despite its massive population is the fact that it is a 24-hour economy, reducing the hustle experienced in other cities during peak hours. Most of the New Yoke residents have also embraced mass transit as a way of easing traffic. Culhane and Metraux 1999, p. 220) say, â€Å"Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, is the most complex and extensive in North America.† This has helped in freeing the traffic at all times of the day. With some state-of-the-art electric train, improved air, and road transport, this city has one of the best traffic flows in the world. Housing The City of New York has adequate housing facilities for its residents. The central government, the state government, and the council have worked over the years to eliminate informal dwellings in this city. Based on the definition of a slum given by UN-Habitat, this city does not have slums. The city has some of the most affluent housing units in the world. Although there is income disparity among the dwellers of this city, the government has been keen to ensure that all city dwellers have formal settlements. Mumbai City Governance The City of Mumbai is governed by 227 councilors representing 24 municipal wards who are directly elected by people of this country. The council has a mayor who chairs meetings of the council. However, the mayor’s position and the position of deputy mayor are ceremonial. The executive powers in the management of this city lie with the Municipal commissioner who has a two-and-a-half year tenure at this office. Efficiency The council of Mumbai City has limited capacity to manage its wastes, especially at night. One can easily sport dirt within the city center at night. In some of the residential areas of this city, the increasing population overwhelms the sewer lines. Some of them have blocked, while others are openly flowing. This is hazardous to the public, and the failure can directly be attributed to the planners of this city. Transparency and ethical behavior in the two cities also differ a great deal. Transparency International has rate d Mumbai City government as one of the most corrupt cities in the world. The management of this council has vested personal interest and do not give much focus on the needs of the public. This has made the council to enact numerous by-laws meant to increase avenues for corruption.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Mumbai and New York specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transport Transport system in Mumbai has faced a number of serious challenges. Alford (2012, p. 5) says, â€Å"Mumbai’s transport system has been considered as one of the most congested system in the world.† This scholar says that this city has constantly been struggling with the issue of traffic congestion, especially during peak hours. Although the government has struggled to expand road and rail transport- that are the commonly used- within the city, a lot of traffic congestion is still being experienced in the morning and ev ening hours. For instance, Smith and Kurtz (2003, p. 210) observes that at peak hours, a train that should be carrying 1700 passengers would be forced to carry up to 4500 passengers. This is almost three times the standard capacity. Housing The housing system in Mumbai is relatively poor when compared to that of other major cities in the world. The rising population of migrants overwhelms the capacity of this city housing units. According to Stalter and Munir (2002, p. 75), the City of Mumbai has experienced a massive rise in slums due to the incapacity of the city’s management to develop proper housing units. Over 70% of the city dwellers in this city stay in slums. A big percentage occupies less than 6% of the total land area of the city. This clearly brings out the massive congestion that is experienced at these slums. A few affluent residents of this city can afford to stay in luxurious estates of this country. It is estimated that the growth of informal settlements withi n this city is higher than the overall rate at which this city grows. List of References Alford, M 2012, Mumbai, India: The Metamorphosis of a City, World Literature Today, vol. 86, no. 3, p. 5. Bhagat, B Mohua, G 2006, Mumbai after Deluge: Issues and Concerns in Urban Planning, Population and Environment, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 337-349. Culhane, D Metraux, S 1999, One-Year Rates of Public Shelter Utilization by Race, Ethnicity, Age, Sex and Poverty Status for New York City, Population Research and Policy Review, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 219-236.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Smith, C Kurtz, H 2003, Community Gardens and Politics of Scale in New York City, Geographical Review, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 193-212. Stalter, R Munir, A 2002, The Vascular Flora of Hoffman and Swinburne Islands, New York Harbor, New York. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 77-82.

A Review of the White Houses Blog on Native Americans Essay

A Review of the White Houses Blog on Native Americans - Essay Example The White House has an official web site, and in it, one can find the blog on Native Americans. The blog is undoubtedly maintained by the government, thus its contents are expected to have been approved by the Palace. Indeed, when I visited the blog thrice on March 18, 20, and 22, I read articles that seemed like press releases by the government. The blog features articles on the protection of rights of Indian tribes in America. Maintained by the government, one can assume that the blog does not contain any taboo themes that can cause damage to the image of the White House. Rather, the blog helps project a reputable image of the President and his governance. The blog contains articles written by different people but most of them are employed under the government. One of the contributors is Milford Wayne Donaldson, the chairman of Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP). On March 20, Donaldson wrote about the plan of the ACHP to adopt UN’s Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People. This will benefit the indigenous people because the declaration gives right to indigenous people to protect their heritage places or sites. This means that if there are propositions to alter a heritage site, authorities will have to consult first with indigenous people before undergoing any action. An earlier post dated March 7 talks about the signing of the President of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. Jodie Gillette and Charlie Galbraith (2003) posted this article, complete with a video of the whole program. The video shows the people who attended the signing of the act and the speech of the President as regards the importance of women’s rights. The article also reports relevant information about violence done on Native American women. According to it, a recent study found out that 46% of Native American women suffered from violence such as rape, physical abuse and assault. With the approval of the act, the authors assume that Native American women will be more empowered to take on the challenge to report any violence they encounter. Another post by Jodie Gillette talks about the tribal leaders’ convention held on December 5, 2012. This rather late post was made on March 18 to report on the details of the long-finished convention. One good thing about the post is that it includes links to other posts such as Tribal Law and Order Act, Violence Against Women Act, and others. On one hand, the links help visitors to understand the related issues further. On the other, it helps students and authorities document reports with necessary information surrounding the issue. Clearly, the blog addresses the general public, including Americans and other nationalities who will be visiting the blog. In particular, students engaged in Native American research will benefit greatly from the important information offered in the blog. Native American s also benefit from it as they read about government programs to protect their rights and culture. Moreover, authorities will be kept updated on government actions for Native Americans and tribal people. Overall, the blog promotes the image of the White House as it features the good deeds of the government, especially the president. Specifically, the articles in the blog reflect the concern of the White House for the Native Americans. Given the topics in the blog and the organization it

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Homework - Essay Example Everybody should be very keen with the code of ethics that the respective field of work demands to maintain confidence and respect with the target clients. For instance, photojournalism has been a field of discussion because of bleach of ethics as the field has very many clients. The photos that they present on the media have drawn a wide range of comments with most people condemning the act. The field has damaged its reputation for the awkward photos on the media that do not respect the feelings of the viewers and the readers. It is high time that the state governments should put strategies that will help restructure photojournalism to ensure that the journalists observe ethics in the fields. In conclusion, photojournalism has been a topic of discussion for all wrong reasons because of failure by the field experts to observe ethics in their work. Therefore, to curb this uncouth behavior by the photojournalists the authorities should take strict measures to rebuild the lost reputation in this